Introduction
The crisp air, the changing leaves, and the heightened anticipation – fall signifies the start of deer season for countless hunters. Dreams of bagging that trophy buck dance in our heads. But achieving that dream requires more than just luck; it necessitates preparation. One of the most effective strategies to attract and hold deer on your property is establishing productive fall deer food plots. Imagine bucks, does, and fawns alike, drawn to your land by a smorgasbord of nutrient-rich vegetation, fueling their bodies for the demanding months ahead.
That’s the power of a well-designed fall food plot. These strategically planted areas not only attract deer, but they also play a critical role in improving their overall health, bolstering antler growth, and increasing their chances of surviving the harsh winter months. Setting up successful fall food plots requires careful planning and selecting the right seed mix to maximize attraction and nutrition for deer during this critical time. This guide will equip you with the knowledge you need to create a haven for deer on your property this fall.
Understanding Deer Nutritional Needs in the Fall Months
The fall season is not uniform for deer. Their needs shift dramatically from the pre-rut period to the rut itself, and then into the post-rut recovery phase. Understanding these changing demands is paramount to designing an effective food plot strategy.
Before the frantic rutting activity begins, deer are focused on building up energy reserves. This pre-rut period, typically occurring in early fall, is a time when deer are actively feeding to prepare for the challenges ahead. They require a diet rich in both protein and carbohydrates to build muscle mass and fat stores. Protein is essential for antler growth in bucks, while carbohydrates provide the energy necessary for increased activity.
During the rut, everything changes. Bucks become singularly focused on breeding, often neglecting their nutritional needs in their pursuit of does. While they still need energy, they spend significantly less time feeding as they dedicate their efforts to finding, competing for, and breeding with receptive females. Food plots during this time primarily serve to hold does on the property, thereby attracting bucks to the area.
Following the rut, both bucks and does enter a recovery phase. Their energy reserves are depleted, and they need to replenish them quickly to survive the increasingly cold temperatures of late fall and early winter. At this point, fat and carbohydrate-rich foods become crucial for survival. These nutrients provide the fuel necessary to maintain body temperature and endure the harsh weather conditions. A strong food source in the late season can be the difference between a deer surviving the winter or succumbing to the elements.
Top Choices for Fall Deer Food Plot Seed Mixes
Selecting the right seed mix is the cornerstone of a successful fall food plot. Numerous options exist, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Let’s examine some of the most popular choices:
The Power of Brassicas
Brassicas, including kale, rape, turnips, and radishes, are a powerhouse option for fall food plots. Their incredible cold tolerance makes them ideal for late-season grazing. Brassicas offer high yields, providing ample forage even when other food sources are scarce. One unique aspect of brassicas is their attractiveness to deer increases after the first frost. The cold temperatures convert starches into sugars, making them even more palatable.
However, establishing brassicas can be challenging. They require well-prepared soil and adequate fertilization. Some deer may initially be hesitant to consume them, but once they develop a taste, they will eagerly devour these nutritious plants. For successful brassica establishment, conduct a soil test to determine nutrient deficiencies and amend accordingly. Use a balanced fertilizer that provides nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Cereal Grains: An Easy Win
Cereal grains such as oats, wheat, rye, and triticale are excellent choices for their ease of establishment and rapid growth. These grains germinate quickly and provide immediate forage for deer. They are also highly palatable, making them a favorite among deer. Cereal grains are a great option for attracting deer early in the fall season.
On the downside, cereal grains are less cold-tolerant than brassicas, meaning they may not persist as long into the winter months. They also tend to have a lower protein content compared to legumes. Successful establishment requires careful attention to seeding rates and soil pH. Aim for a soil pH between six and seven for optimal growth.
Legumes: The Protein Provider
Legumes, including clovers, alfalfa, and peas, are renowned for their high protein content. Protein is crucial for antler growth in bucks and for milk production in does. Legumes also possess the unique ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, enriching the soil and reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers.
Unfortunately, legumes can be slower to establish compared to cereal grains. They also require good drainage to thrive and are susceptible to weed competition. To maximize legume growth, be sure to inoculate the seeds with the appropriate nitrogen-fixing bacteria before planting. Weed control is also essential, either through herbicides or physical removal.
Combination Mixes: The Best of Both Worlds
To maximize the benefits of different seed types, consider using a combination mix.
Brassicas and cereal grain mixes combine the fast establishment of cereal grains with the late-season attraction of brassicas. This approach ensures that deer have access to forage throughout the fall and winter. A blend of oats and turnips is a very popular choice in many regions.
Cereal grain and legume mixes offer a balance of nutrition and ground cover. The cereal grains provide quick forage, while the legumes contribute high protein content and improve soil health. These mixes are excellent for attracting and holding deer on your property.
Many commercially available mixes are also available, often formulated to target specific growing conditions or deer needs. Research the mixes available in your area to find the best option for your land.
Considerations When Choosing a Food Plot Mix
Selecting the ideal food plot mix is not a one-size-fits-all decision. Several factors need to be considered to ensure success.
Understanding Your Soil
Soil type and pH play a critical role in plant growth. Before planting any food plot, conduct a soil test to determine its nutrient content and pH level. Amend the soil accordingly to ensure that it can support the chosen seed mix.
Accounting for Climate and Growing Season
Climate and growing season length vary significantly across regions. Select plant varieties that are well-suited to your specific climate and that will mature before the first frost. Some plants may not be as hardy in colder climates.
Managing Grazing Pressure
Deer density and grazing pressure can impact the success of your food plot. If you have a high deer population, choose mixes that can withstand heavy grazing or increase the size of your plots.
Staying Within Budget
Cost is always a consideration. Compare the cost of different seed types and select a mix that fits within your budget. Remember that a slightly more expensive mix may be worth it if it provides superior nutrition or yields.
Controlling Existing Vegetation
Existing vegetation and weed control are essential aspects of food plot preparation. Remove existing vegetation before planting to reduce competition for resources. Choose a herbicide appropriate for the targeted species, or opt for tillage.
Food Plot Establishment: A Step-by-Step Guide
Establishing a successful food plot requires careful planning and execution. Follow these steps to maximize your chances of success:
Careful Site Selection
Select a site that receives ample sunlight and has access to water. The plot should also be located near bedding areas or along travel corridors to maximize deer visitation.
Prepping the Soil
Prepare the soil by tilling or using no-till methods. Tilling involves breaking up the soil to create a loose seedbed, while no-till methods minimize soil disturbance. Fertilize the soil based on soil test results.
Planting the Seeds
Plant seeds using broadcasting or drilling techniques. Broadcasting involves scattering seeds across the soil surface, while drilling involves planting seeds at a specific depth. Ensure adequate seed coverage to promote uniform germination.
Ongoing Maintenance
Maintain your food plot through regular weed control, fertilization, and clipping or mowing. Weed control prevents unwanted plants from competing with your desired forage. Fertilization provides essential nutrients to promote growth. Clipping or mowing encourages new growth and keeps the vegetation palatable.
Maximizing Food Plot Success
To truly maximize the benefits of your food plot, consider these additional strategies:
Location Matters
Strategic placement of plots within your property is key. Use natural funnels and travel corridors to guide deer towards your food plots.
Timing Is Crucial
Plant at the optimal time for germination and growth. Consult local resources to determine the best planting dates for your region.
Mineral Supplementation
Utilize mineral supplements to provide essential minerals for antler growth and overall health. Mineral licks can attract deer and provide a valuable source of nutrients.
Monitoring and Adjusting
Monitor deer activity and adapt your strategy as needed. Observe which plants are being grazed most heavily and adjust your seed mix accordingly.
Conclusion
Creating a successful fall deer food plot is an investment in the health and well-being of your local deer population, as well as your hunting success. By carefully considering deer nutritional needs, selecting the right seed mix, and following proper establishment and maintenance practices, you can create a haven for deer on your property. The brassicas, cereal grains, and legumes, whether used individually or in strategic mixes, offer different benefits to cater to varying needs.
Don’t wait! Start planning your fall deer food plots now to ensure a bountiful harvest and a healthy deer herd. A well-planned and executed fall food plot can significantly enhance your hunting experience and contribute to the long-term health and sustainability of your deer population. A little effort now can translate into a rewarding season and a thriving deer herd for years to come. Remember, consistent monitoring and adaptation based on your observations are key to optimizing the effectiveness of your food plots and maximizing their impact on the deer that call your property home.
