Understanding the Deer’s Needs in Summer
Energy Demands
Deer, particularly during the summer months, face intense nutritional demands. Their very survival, not to mention their ability to reproduce and develop those magnificent antlers, hinges on a readily available and nutrient-rich food source. To effectively manage your land and design summertime food plots for deer, it’s imperative to understand these specific nutritional needs.
The cornerstone of a deer’s diet during the summer is high energy. They are constantly burning calories. Bucks are rapidly growing their antlers, which are essentially bone, requiring a significant investment of energy. Does, especially those that are lactating and nursing fawns, need even more energy to produce milk, which is incredibly demanding on their system. The right food plots provide the fuel they need to thrive.
Protein Requirements
Protein is the building block of life, and the same is true for deer. High-quality protein is critical for antler growth. Think of it like the bricks in a house; without enough protein, the antlers simply cannot reach their full potential. Does need ample protein to support their developing fetuses and to produce milk rich in the nutrients their fawns need to grow quickly. The right choices in summertime food plots for deer are those rich in protein.
Mineral Requirements
Beyond energy and protein, minerals play a critical role. Calcium and phosphorus are particularly vital for antler development, contributing to the strength and density of the bony structure. Deficiencies in these minerals can lead to weak antlers, even malformations. Other essential minerals support overall health and bodily functions. Ensuring your food plots provide these minerals is vital to a thriving deer population.
Forage Preferences
Deer are opportunistic grazers, but they also have specific preferences when it comes to their food. While they will consume a variety of plants, they actively seek out plants that are highly palatable and readily digestible. The right choices in planting are thus, essential. Understanding these preferences – favoring leafy greens, tender shoots, and fruits when available – is key to designing effective summertime food plots for deer.
Planning Your Summertime Food Plot
Site Selection
The foundation of successful summertime food plots for deer is careful planning. This involves thoughtful site selection, thorough plot preparation, and strategic crop choices.
Choosing the right location is paramount. Sunlight is the most crucial factor; deer thrive in open, sunny areas where the crops can grow to their full potential. Aim for at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. Consider the availability of water. While deer can survive for periods without water, having a readily available water source, such as a nearby creek or a strategically placed water trough, improves their use of the food plots and ensures that your food plots thrive.
Plot Preparation
Before planting, a soil test is an absolute must. This analysis reveals the existing nutrient levels in your soil and identifies any deficiencies. It will also provide recommendations on how to amend the soil to achieve the optimal pH and nutrient balance for your chosen crops. Follow the recommendations. Ignoring soil testing is like building a house on a weak foundation.
The size and shape of your plots also play a role. While larger plots can support a larger deer population, the size you choose will also depend on your budget, land size, and equipment availability. A good starting point for a single plot is often between one and three acres, but a series of smaller plots dispersed across your property can be more beneficial. In general, the wider the plot, the easier the deer feel in coming out to feed.
Preparing the soil is crucial. This typically involves clearing the existing vegetation, tilling the soil to a good depth to loosen it, and removing rocks or debris. Thoroughly tilling the soil creates a good seedbed for planting and provides the soil with a healthy environment. Following this, address weeds. Weeds compete with your food plot crops for sunlight, water, and nutrients, reducing their growth potential. Decide on your method of weed control – whether it is through using herbicides, or mechanical removal – and follow the instructions carefully.
Crop Selection
The crop selection is where the rubber meets the road. A successful summertime food plot for deer features diverse crops that cater to the various nutritional needs of the deer. The common categories here involve legumes, forbs, and warm-season grasses.
Legumes are nitrogen-fixing powerhouses. Crops like soybeans, clover, and cowpeas are excellent choices. They provide deer with high-protein forage, making them ideal for supporting antler growth and lactation. Soybeans are a favorite due to their high protein content and palatability, while clover offers continuous grazing throughout the summer. Cowpeas are another great option as they are highly productive and adapted to a variety of soil types.
Forbs are broadleaf plants, including chicory and sunflowers. Chicory is known for its high mineral content and palatability, providing an excellent food source. Sunflowers, with their large seeds, are also excellent sources of oil and energy.
Warm-season grasses, like sorghum or corn, can add to your overall planting mix. These grasses are great options for providing bulk and cover, and are high in carbohydrates. Choose the grass based on your area and what is most appropriate for your plot.
Planting a mix of these crops is a game-changer. Diversity ensures that deer have access to a balanced diet and that the food plot is resilient to variations in weather and deer pressure. A mix also provides multiple food sources for a longer period of time.
Planting and Maintaining Your Food Plots
Planting Timing and Methods
With the plans in place and the soil ready, the time comes for planting. Successful planting and meticulous maintenance are critical for maximizing the benefits of your summertime food plots for deer.
The best time to plant varies depending on your location. Consult with your local agricultural extension office to determine the optimal planting dates for your specific region. This will usually be in the spring after the last frost, when soil temperatures are consistently warm.
The planting method depends on the crops you’ve selected and the equipment you have available. Broadcasting involves spreading seeds over the soil surface and then lightly covering them with soil by dragging or using a light disc harrow. Drilling uses a specialized planter that places seeds at a precise depth and spacing. Drilling generally offers more consistent germination.
The seed rate is also important. Following the planting instructions for each crop will give you the best results. Too few seeds, and your food plot will be sparse. Too many seeds, and the plants will be crowded and compete for resources.
Watering and Irrigation
Irrigation is important in certain areas to ensure success, but in other areas with consistent rains, it might not be needed. During the dry season, supplemental water can be the difference between a thriving plot and a struggling one. If you are facing extended periods without rain, consider irrigation options.
Weed Control
Weed control during the growing season is essential. If herbicides are used, follow the instructions carefully. Mechanical weed control, such as mowing or hand-weeding, can be effective in smaller plots.
Fertilization and Soil Health Maintenance
Fertilizing during the growing season helps to maintain productivity and the overall health of your food plots. Topdressing, or applying fertilizer to the surface of the soil, can provide an extra boost when needed. Again, follow the recommendations from your soil test.
Pest and Disease Management
Pests and diseases can also impact your food plots. Be vigilant, observe your plots regularly, and take steps to prevent problems from developing. Contact your local agricultural extension office to identify potential threats in your area and learn about control measures.
Managing the Deer Herd for Maximum Benefit
While summertime food plots for deer are a valuable component of a deer management program, other factors also influence the success of your efforts.
Understanding the population density of deer in your area is key. If the population is too high, deer may overgraze your plots, reducing their effectiveness. Conversely, if your herd is small, your investment might not be fully utilized.
Supplemental feeding can complement your food plots, particularly during times of stress, such as late winter. However, supplemental feeding should be considered carefully, and it’s crucial to adhere to local regulations.
Hunting pressure can affect the deer’s behavior and their utilization of your food plots. Hunting pressure on and around the food plot can influence their willingness to use your hard-earned food sources.
Conclusion
The creation and maintenance of summertime food plots for deer is a rewarding endeavor that can greatly benefit the deer on your property and enhance your overall hunting experience. By understanding the deer’s nutritional needs, planning effectively, implementing proper planting and maintenance practices, and managing your deer herd, you can transform your land into a haven for healthy, thriving deer.
As summer unfolds, let your food plots be a testament to your dedication to wildlife management. By providing high-quality forage, you are not just attracting deer; you are investing in their future and creating a truly special habitat.
Get started today! Analyze your property, perform a soil test, and begin planning your food plots. Your efforts will be rewarded with the sight of healthy deer and the satisfaction of knowing you are making a positive impact on the environment.
